How to Water Treatment Equipments Plants Works:
Water treatment equipments or purification and sanitation of water-varies as to the source and kinds of water. Municipal waters, for example, consist of surface water and ground water, and their treatment is to be distinguished from that of industrial water supplies. Municipal water supplies are treated by public or private water utilities to make the water potable (safe to drink) and palatable (aesthetically pleasing) and to insure an adequate supply of water to meet the needs of the community at a reasonable cost. Except in exceedingly rare instances, the entire supply is treated to drinking water quality for three reasons: it is generally not feasible to supply water of more than one quality; it is difficult to control public access to water not treated to drinking water quality; and a substantial amount of treatment may be required even if the water is not intended for human consumption.
All surface waters have the potential to carry pathogenic (disease-causing) microorganisms and must be disinfected prior to human consumption. Since the adequacy of disinfection cannot be assured in the presence of turbidity, it is first necessary to remove the suspended solids causing the water to be turbid. This is accomplished by a sequence of treatment processes that typically includes coagulation, flocculation, sedimentation, and filtration. Coagulation is accomplished by adding chemical coagulants, usually aluminum or iron salts, to neutralize the negative charge on the surfaces of the particles (suspended solids) present in the water, thereby eliminating the repulsive forces between the particles and enabling them to aggregate. Coagulants are usually dispersed in the water by rapid mixing.
How to use Chemical Dosing Pump System for Water Purification:
Other chemicals may be added at the same time, including powdered activated carbon (to absorb taste- and odor causing chemicals or to remove synthetic chemicals); chemical oxidants such as chlorine, ozone, chlorine dioxide, chemical dosing system or potassium permanganate (to initiate disinfection, to oxidize organic contaminants, to control taste and odor, or to oxidize inorganic contaminants such as iron, manganese, and sulfide); and acid or base (to control pH). Coagulated particles are aggregated into large, rapidly settling "floc" particles by flocculation, accomplished by gently stirring the water using paddles, turbines, or impellers. This process typically takes 20 to 30 minutes. The flocculated water is then gently introduced into a sedimentation basin, where the floc particles are given about two to four hours to settle out. After sedimentation, the water is filtered, most commonly through 24-30 in (61-76 cm) of sand or anthracite having an effective diameter of about 0.02 in (0.5 mm).
Dosing & Metering Pump Manufacturer in India:
When the raw water is low in turbidity, coagulated or flocculated water may be taken directly to the filters, bypassing sedimentation; this practice is referred to as direct filtration. Once the water has been filtered, it can be satisfactorily disinfected. Disinfection is the elimination of pathogenic microorganisms from the water. It does not render the water completely sterile but does make it safe to drink from a microbial standpoint. Most water treatment plants in the United States rely primarily on chlorine for disinfection. Some utilities use ozone, chlorine dioxide, chloramines (formed from chlorine and ammonia), or a combination of chemicals added at different points during treatment. There are important advantages and disadvantages associated with each of these chemicals, and the optimum choice for a particular water requires careful study and expert advice.
Water treatment equipments or purification and sanitation of water-varies as to the source and kinds of water. Municipal waters, for example, consist of surface water and ground water, and their treatment is to be distinguished from that of industrial water supplies. Municipal water supplies are treated by public or private water utilities to make the water potable (safe to drink) and palatable (aesthetically pleasing) and to insure an adequate supply of water to meet the needs of the community at a reasonable cost. Except in exceedingly rare instances, the entire supply is treated to drinking water quality for three reasons: it is generally not feasible to supply water of more than one quality; it is difficult to control public access to water not treated to drinking water quality; and a substantial amount of treatment may be required even if the water is not intended for human consumption.
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| Water Treatment Equipment Plants |
How to use Chemical Dosing Pump System for Water Purification:
Other chemicals may be added at the same time, including powdered activated carbon (to absorb taste- and odor causing chemicals or to remove synthetic chemicals); chemical oxidants such as chlorine, ozone, chlorine dioxide, chemical dosing system or potassium permanganate (to initiate disinfection, to oxidize organic contaminants, to control taste and odor, or to oxidize inorganic contaminants such as iron, manganese, and sulfide); and acid or base (to control pH). Coagulated particles are aggregated into large, rapidly settling "floc" particles by flocculation, accomplished by gently stirring the water using paddles, turbines, or impellers. This process typically takes 20 to 30 minutes. The flocculated water is then gently introduced into a sedimentation basin, where the floc particles are given about two to four hours to settle out. After sedimentation, the water is filtered, most commonly through 24-30 in (61-76 cm) of sand or anthracite having an effective diameter of about 0.02 in (0.5 mm).
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| Chemical Dosing Pump System Manufacturer India |
Dosing & Metering Pump Manufacturer in India:
When the raw water is low in turbidity, coagulated or flocculated water may be taken directly to the filters, bypassing sedimentation; this practice is referred to as direct filtration. Once the water has been filtered, it can be satisfactorily disinfected. Disinfection is the elimination of pathogenic microorganisms from the water. It does not render the water completely sterile but does make it safe to drink from a microbial standpoint. Most water treatment plants in the United States rely primarily on chlorine for disinfection. Some utilities use ozone, chlorine dioxide, chloramines (formed from chlorine and ammonia), or a combination of chemicals added at different points during treatment. There are important advantages and disadvantages associated with each of these chemicals, and the optimum choice for a particular water requires careful study and expert advice.
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